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Works Records System : ウィキペディア英語版 | Works Records System
The Works Records System (WRS), was an IBM mainframe based spreadsheet designed by Dr. Robert Mais, then an employee of ICI Mond Division in the UK and developed for the company to monitor chemical plant operations at Runcorn and elsewhere in the group. The design was unusual at that time, since it allowed chemical engineers (who were not programmers) to design and create their own interactive applications using a "kit of components" that incorporated mathematical formulae directly linking input fields to calculated output fields in WYSIWYG fashion.〔Mais, Dr. Robert. ''Imperial Chemical Industry(ICI),The Works Record System (1974)''., 3.1. (hardcopy in The Computer History Museum, CA 94043-1311, Catalogue Accession Number 102746930〕 ==Overview== The WRS was implemented in 1974 by a team that included Ken Dakin, author of several successful CICS debugging products that were used extensively during its development crucially to ensure the highest possible performance by detecting "hot spots" (high execution locations) during code execution. All operations were performed using "double precision" floating point arithmetic and user specified formulae that performed calculations and linked cells together. These cells could be in the same sheet (I/O screen) or in completely separate, "remote" spreadsheets in a different application. Formulae could be entered on multiple lines to aid comprehension and used a syntax similar to Fortran (using the familiar infix notation but with numeric DIR identifiers taking the place of symbolic variable names). The "Shunting yard algorithm" invented by Edsger Dijkstra, was used to parse these formulae into Reverse Polish notation (RPN). The resulting RPN formulae were converted (compiled) to machine language snippets "on the fly" on first use and then stored for subsequent executions (see Memoization).This technique is now known as Just-in-time compilation (JIT) or, more specifically, "incremental compilation" - but given no label at the time. The instructions were all "built" and executed in CICS dynamic storage - unique for each transaction "thread" (i.e. single user instance of input/processing/output) - to comply fully with the requirements for CICS applications to be quasi-reentrant.
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